TMC’s Prime Time Special: The Grammy Awards

I’m you substitute host for tonight’s Prime Time. So for this Sunday evening we are going to do something a little different and present a Grammy Awards Open Thread.

First a little History.

It was in 1914 in New York City the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members. Better known as ASCAP, not-for-profit performance-rights organization (PRO) that protects its members’ musical copyrights by monitoring public performances of their music, whether via a broadcast or live performance, and compensating them accordingly.

ASCAP collects licensing fees from users of music created by ASCAP members, then distributes them back to its members as royalties. In effect, the arrangement is the product of a compromise: when a song is played, the user does not have to pay the copyright holder directly, nor does the music creator have to bill a radio station for use of a song.

ASCAP doesn’t have anything to do with the Grammy Awards but they are one of three organizations in the US that protect the artists’ rights. The other two are Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC).

The Grammy Awards are the music industry Oscars, given by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. The award was established in 1958 and first telecast in November of 1959. Prior to 1971, when the awards were first televised live, they were taped as a series of specials that were presented on NBC. The 53rd Grammy Awards will take place on 13 February 2011 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles and will be broadcast on CBS, 8 PM EST (5 PM PST).

OK. Enough of that. The Nominees are:

Record Of The Year

* Nothin’ On You B.o.B Featuring Bruno Mars

* F*** You Cee Lo Green

* Empire State Of Mind Jay-Z & Alicia Keys

* Need You Now Lady Antebellum

Album Of The Year

* The Suburbs Arcade Fire

* Recovery Eminem

* Need You Now Lady Antebellum<

* The Fame Monster Lady Gaga

* Teenage Dream Katy Perry

Song Of The Year

* Beg Steal Or Borrow

* F*** You

* The House That Built Me

* Love The Way You Lie

* Need You Now

Best New Artist  

* Justin Bieber

* Drake

* Florence & The Machine

* Mumford & Sons

* Esperanza Spalding

Best Female Pop Vocal Performance

* King Of Anything Sara Bareilles

* Halo (Live) Beyoncé

* Chasing Pirates Norah Jones

* Bad Romance Lady Gaga

* Teenage Dream Katy Perry

Best Male Pop Vocal Performance

* Haven’t Met You Yet Michael Bublé

* This Is It Michael Jackson

* Whataya Want From Me Adam Lambert

* Just The Way You Are Bruno Mars

* Half Of My Heart John Mayer

Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals

* Don’t Stop Believin’ (Regionals Version) Glee Cast

* Misery Maroon 5

* The Only Exception Paramore

* Babyfather Sade

* Hey, Soul Sister (Live) Train

Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals

* Airplanes, Part II

* Imagine

* If It Wasn’t For Bad

* Telephone

* California Gurls

Best Pop Instrumental Performance

* Flow Laurie Anderson

* Nessun Dorma Jeff Beck

 * No Mystery Stanley Clarke

* Orchestral Intro Gorillaz

* Sleepwalk The Brian Setzer Orchestra

Best Pop Instrumental Album

* Pushing The Envelope

Gerald Albright

* Take Your Pick Larry Carlton & Tak Matsumoto

* Heart And Soul Kenny G

* Singularity Robby Krieger

* Everything Is Everything: The Music Of Donny Hathaway Kirk Whalum

Best Pop Vocal Album

* My World 2.0 Justin Bieber

* I Dreamed A Dream Susan Boyle

* The Fame Monster Lady Gaga

* Battle Studies John Mayer

* Teenage Dream Katy Perry

Best Dance Recording

* Rocket Goldfrapp

* In For The Kill La Roux

* Dance In The Dark Lady Gaga

* Only Girl (In The World) Rihanna

* Dancing On My Own Robyn

Best Electronic/Dance Album

* These Hopeful Machines BT

* Further The Chemical Brothers

* Head First Goldfrapp

* Black Light Groove Armada

* La Roux La Roux

Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album

* Crazy Love Michael Bublé

* The Greatest Love Songs Of All Time Barry Manilow

* Let It Be Me: Mathis In Nashville Johnny Mathis

* Fly Me To The Moon…The Great American Songbook: Volume V Rod Stewart

* Love Is The Answer Barbra Streisand

Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance

* Run Back To Your Side Eric Clapton

* Crossroads John Mayer

* Helter Skelter Paul McCartney

* Silver Rider Robert Plant

* Angry World Neil Young

Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals

* Ready To Start Arcade Fire

* I Put A Spell On You Jeff Beck & Joss Stone

* Tighten Up  The Black Keys

* Radioactive Kings Of Leon

* Resistance Muse

Best Hard Rock Performance

* A Looking In View

Alice In Chains

* Let Me Hear You Scream

zzy Osbourne

* Black Rain Soundgarden

* Between The Lines Stone Temple Pilots

* New Fang Them Crooked Vultures

Best Metal Performance

* El Dorado Iron Maiden

* Let The Guilt Go Korn

* In Your Words Lamb Of God

* Sudden Death Megadeth

* World Painted Blood Slayer

Best Rock Instrumental Performance

* Hammerhead Jeff Beck

* Black Mud The Black Keys

* Do The Murray Los Lobos

* Kundalini Bonfire Dave Matthews & Tim Reynolds

* The Deathless Horsie Dweezil Zappa

Best Rock Song

* Angry World

Little Lion Man

* Radioactive

* Resistance

* Tighten Up

Best Rock Album

*  Emotion & Commotion

Jeff Beck

* The Resistance Muse

* Backspacer Pearl Jam

* Mojo Tom Petty And The Heartbreakers

* Le Noise Neil Young

Best Alternative Music Album

* The Suburbs Arcade Fire

* Infinite Arms Band Of Horses

* Brothers The Black Keys

* Broken Bells Broken Bells

* Contra Vampire Weekend

Best Female R&B Vocal Performance

* Gone Already Faith Evans

* Bittersweet Fantasia

* Everything To Me Monica

* Tired Kelly Price

* Holding You Down (Going In Circles) Jazmine Sullivan

Best Male R&B Vocal Performance

* Second Chance El DeBarge

* Finding My Way Back Jaheim

* Why Would You Stay Kem

* We’re Still Friends (Kirk Whalum &) Musiq Soulchild

* There Goes My Baby Usher

Best R&B Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals

* Love  Chuck Brown, Jill Scott & Marcus Miller

* Take My Time Chris Brown & Tank

Track from: Graffiti

* You’ve Got A Friend Ronald Isley & Aretha Franklin

* Shine John Legend & The Roots

* Soldier Of Love Sade

Evening Edition

Our erstwhile evening news editor has the evening off. Yes, we do let him out from behind his computer for fresh sir. 😉

1. Egypt’s Military Dissolves Parliament; Calls for Vote

 by Anthony Shadid and J. David Goodman

CAIRO – The Egyptian military consolidated its control Sunday over what it has called a democratic transition from three decades of President Hosni Mubarak’s authoritarian rule, dissolving the country’s feeble parliament, suspending the constitution and calling for elections in six months in sweeping steps that echoed protesters’ demands.

CAIRO – The Egyptian military consolidated its control Sunday over what it has called a democratic transition from three decades of President Hosni Mubarak’s authoritarian rule, dissolving the country’s feeble parliament, suspending the constitution and calling for elections in six months in sweeping steps that echoed protesters’ demands.

2. Silvio Berlusconi the focus of day of protests by Italian women

 by John Hooper

Thousands join marches for respect and values in country with gender gap worse than Kazakhstan’s

On Sunday, Italians dismayed by the prime minister and his antics got a chance to show their feelings in a way that even his television network will find difficult to ignore. Thousands of them assembled in piazzas from the foothills of the Alps to the tip of Sicily and in cities from Auckland to Zurich.

“We’re more than a million across the world,” the actor Angela Finocchiaro told the crowd in the Piazza del Popolo. And though that claim may be disputed, there was plenty of evidence to suggest the numbers ran to several hundreds of thousands.

3. Clashes in Algeria as opposition plans new protest

 by Beatrice Khadige

ALGIERS (AFP) – Hundreds of stone-throwing demonstrators clashed with police in the eastern Algerian city of Annaba on Sunday, as the opposition announced another major anti-government rally next weekend.

The next anti-government rally will be held February 19, said Mustepha Bouchahi of National Coordination for Change and Democracy (CNCD), an umbrella group of opposition parties, civil society movements and unofficial unions.

4. Sudanese women hold vigil for detained protesters

 by Reuters

More than 20 women gather in Khartoum to call for the release of men arrested during protests inspired by Egyptian uprising

Women held a vigil outside Sudan’s security service headquarters in Khartoum, calling for the release of men arrested during a series of protests inspired by Egypt’s uprising.

In another part of the Sudanese capital, security officers prevented journalists from gathering to take part in a protest against the arrest of colleagues, a Reuters witness said. Officers detained five TV cameramen and photographers trying to cover the event.

5. Iran opposition to hold demonstrations despite government warnings

 by Saeed Kamali Dehghan

Regime accused of double standards after supporting uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia but trying to prevent protests in Tehran

Activists in Iran will go ahead with a banned rally in central Tehran on Monday in defiance of warnings by the regime and a heavy security presence, a figure in the green movement has told the Guardian.

Ardeshir Amir-Arjomand, a spokesman for the former presidential candidates Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi, accused the government of hypocrisy in voicing support for protesters in Egypt and Tunisia while refusing to allow a peaceful demonstration.

6. Italy appeals for EU aid as migrants flee Tunisia

LAMPEDUSA, Italy (AFP) – Tunisian immigrants clinging to small fishing boats landed in Italy on Sunday, as the Italian government appealed for EU aid and said it wanted to deploy its security forces in Tunisia.

Hundreds arrived on the island of Lampedusa, Italy’s southernmost point, bringing to more than 5,000 the total number of undocumented immigrants intercepted by coast guards and brought to the tiny outcrop.

7. Abbas’ cabinet to resign on Monday: sources

RAMALLAH, West Bank (Reuters) – The Palestinian cabinet will tender resignations Monday after which Prime Minister Salam Fayyad will select new ministers at the request of President Mahmoud Abbas, political sources said.

The shake-up, disclosed to Reuters Sunday, was long demanded by Fayyad and some in Abbas’s Fatah faction. It follows the fall of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to a popular revolt that has set off reform calls throughout the Arab world.

8. Algeria opposition says to hold weekly rallies

ALGIERS (Reuters) – Algerian opposition groups said on Sunday they would follow up the protest they held this weekend by calling a demonstration in the capital every Saturday until the government is changed.

Several hundred protesters, inspired by revolts which overthrew entrenched leaders in Egypt and Tunisia, defied a police ban and protested in Algiers on Saturday. But thousands of riot police blocked a planned march through the city.

9. Death toll rises to 48 in Iraq suicide bombing

SAMARRA, Iraq (Reuters) – The toll from a suicide bombing that targeted Shi’ite pilgrims near the city of Samarra, one of Iraq’s worst in recent weeks, rose to 48 dead and 80 wounded, police and officials said on Sunday.

The bomber detonated an explosives vest on Saturday at a bus depot at the entry to Samarra, where Shi’ites gathered last week to commemorate the death of one of their 12 revered imams.

10. Maltese bulk carrier believed seized by pirates

LONDON (Reuters) – Pirates are believed to have seized a Maltese owned and registered bulk carrier with a crew of 23 in the North Arabian Sea, the European Union anti-piracy force said Sunday.

11. Maliki fills power, trade, other Iraq cabinet jobs

BAGHDAD (Reuters) – Iraq’s parliament approved eight new ministers on Sunday but Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has yet to decide who will hold sensitive security posts in the cabinet such as defense and interior.

12. Tunisian foreign minister resigns: report

TUNIS (Reuters) – Tunisian Foreign Minister Ahmed Ounaiss has resigned, the state news agency reported Sunday, a week after he became embroiled in a row over compliments he paid to his French opposite number.

The resignation is likely to cause new disruption to a coalition government which has already seen several ministers resign or be fired since it stepped in to fill the vacuum left by last month’s overthrow of President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali.

13. Venezuela’s Chavez mocks foes’ Egypt comparisons

CARACAS (Reuters) – Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez scoffed on Sunday at commentary by critics that his 12-year rule was at risk of a people’s uprising like that which toppled Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak after three decades in power.

“I laugh when some clever analysts from the Venezuelan opposition try to compare my government with that of ex-president Hosni Mubarak in Egypt,” Chavez said during his regular weekly “Hello, President!” program.

14. Ireland’s opposition leader to meet Merkel on Monday

 By Kate Holton

DUBLIN (Reuters) – The leader of Ireland’s main opposition party, Fine Gael, will meet with German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Monday to explain how the likely next government intends to get its economy back in shape.

Enda Kenny and his Fine Gael party, ahead in the polls ahead of a February 25 election, said he would take the opportunity to brief Merkel on the Irish economic situation ahead of two European Council meetings designed to tackle the debt crisis.

15. Iran names attacked scientist nuclear chief: report

TEHRAN (Reuters) – An Iranian nuclear scientist who survived an assassination attempt last November has been appointed Iran’s new nuclear chief, the semi-official Fars news agency reported on Sunday.

Fereydoun Abbasi-Davani was slightly wounded by one of two bomb attacks on November 29. The other attack killed another nuclear scientist. Tehran said the double-bombing was an Israeli operation aimed at harming its nuclear programme.

16. Thai “reds,” “yellows” rally on Bangkok’s streets

 By Manunphattr Dhanananphorn Manunphattr

BANGKOK (Reuters) – Thousands of Thais held color-coded “red” and “yellow” protests in Bangkok on Sunday, underlining persistent anti-government sentiment and deep political divisions ahead of an election planned this year.

The “red shirts” called for the release of 18 of their detained leaders and their rival “yellow shirts” demanded Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva’s resignation over his handling of a long-running border dispute with Cambodia.

17. Bangladesh investors and police clash over stocks slide

 By Serajul Islam Quadir

DHAKA (Reuters) – Hundreds of Bangladeshi small investors, angry at a new plunge in share prices, set fire to tires and pelted police with bricks on Sunday outside the stock exchange and demanded the resignation of the finance minister.

Police with batons dispersed the protesters in pitched battles that snarled traffic for hours

18. “Tragic end” for Suu Kyi unless change: commentary

 By Aung Hla Tun Aung Hla Tun

YANGON (Reuters) – Myanmar pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and her party will “meet their tragic end” if they stick to their position including support for Western sanctions, state media said on Sunday.

19. Nigeria presidential rally ends in deadly stampede

 By Austin Ekeinde and Samuel Tife

PORT HARCOURT, Nigeria (Reuters) – At least 11 people were trampled to death on Saturday in a stampede at an election campaign rally for Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in the southern oil city of Port Harcourt.

20. Need quick entry into Texas Capitol? Just get a gun permit

 By Corrie MacLaggan

AUSTIN, Tex. (Reuters) – Security is newly tightened at the Texas Capitol, but plenty of gun-toting visitors can breeze right through.

Concealed handgun license holders walk through a special lane marked “CHL Access” around, and not through, the metal detectors put in place last year after a man fired shots outside the statehouse.

21. Fire guts 16 buildings on Washington Indian reservation

SEATTLE (Reuters) – Firefighters on Sunday were putting out hot spots from a fierce, wind-whipped blaze that gutted 16 buildings on the Yakama Indian reservation southeast of Seattle and forced some 50 residents from their homes.

Two firefighters sustained minor injuries battling the blaze, which began Saturday afternoon when embers from a chimney fire ignited a rooftop and surrounding brush before spreading through the town of White Swan, fire officials said.

22. Man jailed after filming himself driving 140 mph

PORTLAND, Oregon (Reuters) – A man who filmed the speedometer of his car while driving more than 140 miles per hour so he could post it on YouTube, ended up in jail on Saturday and the video confiscated, police said.

Stanislav Vadimovich Bakanov was pulled over by police on Oregon Interstate 5 after he was clocked driving his black 2005 BMW at 118 mph. He filmed Sheriff’s Deputy Ryan Postlewait as he approached the car.

23. Mississippi plan for KKK leader license plate criticized

BILOXI, Mississippi (Reuters) – A Mississippi proposal to issue a state license plate honoring a Confederate general believed to be a Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan has stirred protest and resurrected the state’s ugly racial past.

The Sons of Confederate Veterans proposed that Mississippi issue a specialty plate honoring General Nathan Bedford Forrest, who many historians say was the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, the white supremacist group that terrorized blacks in the South after the Civil War.

24. Taxi plows into San Diego crowd injuring 25 people

 By Marty Graham

SAN DIEGO, California (Reuters) – A Taxi cab plowed into a crowd of people on a downtown San Diego sidewalk after they left a bar early Saturday morning, injuring 25 people, seven of them critically, authorities said.

Among the critically injured was a woman whose leg was severed when the cab crushed her against the building, San Diego Fire-Rescue Department spokesman Maurice Luque said.

25. Police suspect silicone clogged lungs in injection death

 By Barbara Goldberg

NEW YORK (Reuters) – Philadelphia police suspect a London woman who died after a botched buttocks enhancement may have been killed when a fumbled injection filled her lung with silicone and caused a fatal embolism.

Authorities were seeking to question a local singer who may have injected Claudia Aderotimi, 20, who died after the illegal procedure at a Hampton Inn near the Philadelphia International Airport earlier this week.

26. New York police arrest suspected serial stabber

NEW YORK (Reuters) – Police on Saturday arrested near Times Square a man suspected of stabbing three people to death, then striking a pedestrian with his car and killing him, and wounding four others in an overnight rampage.

Maksim Gelman, 23, of Brooklyn was being hunted by police in connection with the fatal stabbing on Friday of his stepfather Aleksandr Kuznetsov, his former girlfriend Yelena Bulchenko and her mother Anna Bulchenko in the Russian immigrant community of Sheepshead Bay.

27. Climate change keenly felt in Alaska’s national parks

 By Yereth Rosen

ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) – Thawing permafrost is triggering mudslides onto a key road traveled by busloads of sightseers. Tall bushes newly sprouted on the tundra are blocking panoramic views. And glaciers are receding from convenient viewing areas, while their rapid summer melt poses new flood risks.

28. Laughing gas returning as option for laboring moms

 By HOLLY RAMER, Associated Press

CONCORD, N.H. – Labor pain is nothing to laugh at. Yet.

The use of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas, during childbirth fell out of favor in the United States decades ago, and just two hospitals – one in San Francisco and one in Seattle – still offer it. But interest in returning the dentist office staple to the delivery room is growing: respected hospitals including Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center plan to start offering it, the federal government is reviewing it, and after a long hiatus, the equipment needed to administer it is expected to hit the market soon.

29. Sandler, Aniston barely beat Bieber at box office

 By DAVID GERMAIN, AP Movie

LOS ANGELES – Adam Sandler and Jennifer Aniston are America’s box-office sweethearts, but Justin Bieber is the valentine for teens.

The Valentine’s Day weekend was a close one as Sandler and Aniston’s romantic comedy, “Just Go With It,” debuted with $31 million, according to studio estimates Sunday.

30. Short on men, retirement home hires dance partners

 By MATT SEDENSKY, Associated Press

BOCA RATON, Fla. – Hewitt Bruce extends his hand to a waiting lady pining for a dance – and someone with whom to share it. He twirls and waltzes and makes exacting steps; she has become the woman to envy. And as one song fades to another, he is off again, never far from making his next sweetheart a little less lonely.

The shortage of men at Edgewater Pointe Estates is a perennial fact of life at retirement communities and nursing homes around the country, where women often outnumber men 3-to-1. Forget finding a mate – finding a man to dance with is tough enough.

31. Pipe ‘imperfection’ found after fatal blast in Pa.

ALLENTOWN, Pa. – Investigators looking into the cause of a gas explosion that killed five people in Allentown, Pa., last week are focusing on an “imperfection” in a pipe near the blast site.

Wednesday night’s explosion flattened a pair of row houses and set fire to a block of homes, killing five people – including a 4-month-old boy and a 16-year-old girl.

32. Republicans ready spending battle ahead of president’s budget release

 By Rachel Rose Hartman

Republicans this weekend offered the first advance glimpse of the battle they plan to wage once President Obama reveals his budget to Congress.

“He’s going to present a budget tomorrow that will continue to destroy jobs by spending too much, borrowing too much and taxing too much,” House Speaker John Boehner said Sunday on NBC’s “Meet the Press.”

33. First lady says laughter is key to togetherness

 By DARLENE SUPERVILLE, Associated Press

WASHINGTON – Here’s Michelle Obama’s advice for couples this Valentine’s Day: laugh with your partner.

She says it’s what she and President Barack Obama do, and it seems to be working. Their marriage, although tested throughout the years by his political ambitions – for the Illinois Senate, the U.S. Senate and later president – is going on 19 years.

34. Sony takes console war to cellphones

 By Tarmo Virki and Georgina Prodhan

BARCELONA, Spain (Reuters) – Sony Ericsson unveiled on Sunday its long-awaited PlayStation smartphone, taking video game console wars to cellphones.

Sony’s PlayStation, on the Sony Ericsson’s new Xperia Live phone, will take on Microsoft’s Xbox Live, available on Windows Phone 7.

35. Obama struggles to balance budget cuts, spending

 by Andrew Beatty

WASHINGTON (AFP) – US President Barack Obama unveils his fiscal 2012 budget Monday, an election year plan forged from conflicting needs to cut spending and stoke the economic recovery.

With vast crisis payments and sharply lower tax revenues making it difficult for the government to balance its books, Obama will set out an austerity plan that will help set the tone for next year’s presidential race.

36. Republicans find tempest in the Tea Party

 by Olivier Knox

WASHINGTON (AFP) – Top US Republicans put on a brave face this week after a series of surprise setbacks, some suffered at the hands of their own archconservative political shock troops in the Tea Party.

“We’re in a new era,” House Speaker John Boehner told reporters, shrugging off his woes as the new majority’s growing pains. “That means that the leaders may not get what they want every day.”

37. Flair lights up runways at NY Fashion Week

 by Paola Messana

NEW YORK (AFP) – In a world of globalization where any successful clothing design is quickly copied and mass marketed, designers like those starring in New York Fashion Week want that little extra wow to make their mark.

Or, in the case of Prabal Gurung on Saturday, a lot of extra wow.

38. Mullen meets Jordan king

AMMAN (AFP) – King Abdullah II met on Sunday with the top US military commander who is visiting key allies Jordan and Israel to reaffirm Washington’s support following the fall of Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak.

The king and US Joint Chief of Staff Chairman Admiral Mike Mullen “discussed bilateral cooperation and a number of issues of common concern,” a brief palace statement said without elaborating.

39. Apple developing smaller, cheaper iPhones: report

WASHINGTON (AFP) – Apple is developing a new lines of smaller and cheaper iPhones and overhauling its software to facilitate users’ access to entertainment, photos and video, The Wall Street Journal reported Sunday.WASHINGTON (AFP) – Apple is developing a new lines of smaller and cheaper iPhones and overhauling its software to facilitate users’ access to entertainment, photos and video, The Wall Street Journal reported Sunday.

40. News on first Nokia Windows Phone within days

BARCELONA, Spain (AFP) – The target release date of the first Nokia smartphone to use Microsoft’s Windows Phone operating system could be set within days, with the company aiming to have it on the market this year, senior executives said Sunday.

41. EU, IMF seek to repair Greek rift over asset sale

 by John Hadoulis

ATHENS (AFP) – The EU and IMF on Sunday hastened to prevent a rift with Greece after the debt-hit country slammed one of their auditors over controversial calls for a huge state asset sale to keep Athens’ tortuous recovery on track.

42. Russia’s VTB bank sale to reap $3.25 billion: report

MOSCOW (AFP) – Russia will sell a 10 percent stake in its second-biggest lender, state-owned VTB bank, at a price of $6.25 per Global Depositary Receipt (GDR), the RIA Novosti news agency reported Sunday.

“The price is close to the market one and consisted of $6.25 per GDR,” the agency cited a source close to the deal as saying after the books closed on Friday. An official announcement will be made on Monday.

43. Kenya sees rise in elephant population despite poaching

TSAVO NATIONAL PARK, Kenya (AFP) – Despite increased poaching and a recent severe drought, Kenya has recorded a rise in elephant population in its flagship park, wildlife authorities announced Saturday.

44. Greenpeace urges west Africa to protect fish stocks

DAKAR (AFP) – Conservation organisation Greenpeace on Friday urged west African countries to combat illegal fishing and over-fishing in their waters, in a statement released at the World Social Forum in Senegal.

45. Aussie crocs ‘traumatised’ by cyclone

SYDNEY (AFP) – A group of ferocious Australian crocodiles were so traumatised by a maximum-strength cyclone last week that they hid under water and stopped eating, wildlife park officials said Friday.

46. Readers, bloggers sound off on Huff Post sale

 by Chris Lefkow

WASHINGTON (AFP) – When The Huffington Post was sold to AOL last Monday for $315 million, its founder, Arianna Huffington, was feted as a new media pioneer. Not everyone is celebrating, however

.

47. US Internet censorship fight falling short: report

 by Chris Lefkow

WASHINGTON (AFP) – State Department efforts to combat Internet censorship in China and other countries have fallen short and funding for the drive should be shifted to another US agency, a Senate committee report says.

48. Eminem looks to win elusive album of year Grammy

 by Nekesa Mumbi Moody

LOS ANGELES – With his 10 nominations, Eminem has the potential to sweep Sunday night’s Grammy Awards – as well as win that elusive album of the year trophy, a category for which he’s had three nominations but never a win.

49. ‘King’s Speech’ big winner at British film awards

 by Jill Lawless

LONDON – Royal drama “The King’s Speech” was crowned the big winner at Britain’s top film awards – a sign that it may reign again at Hollywood’s Academy Awards in two weeks’ time.

50. NY cites ‘Spider-Man’ producers for safety lapses

By MARK KENNEDY, AP Drama Writer Mark Kennedy, Ap Drama Writer – 32 mins ago

NEW YORK – New York state labor officials have issued two safety violations to the producers of the Broadway musical ‘Spider-Man: Turn off the Dark.’

A state official confirmed Sunday that the citations were issued for a trio of accidents that injured performers.

from firefly-dreaming 13.2.11

(midnight. – promoted by ek hornbeck)

Regular Daily Features:

Essays Featured Sunday, February 13th:

  • Sunday Open Thoughts has Alma discussing ignorance and ways to combat it.
  • Waterbug  hosts the first WYFP at firefly-dreaming: WYFP: Esprit d’Escalier
  • Xanthe offers poetry for the season in Two Valentine’s Poems
  • Sunday Bread has  madeBill Egnor a man after my heart… today he shares how to make Chocolate Covered Cherries!
  • Firefly Memories 1.0 is where Alma takes a look back at some of the most Brilliant essays of our first years posts, highlighting those which exemplify our firefly-dreaming spirit and mission.  Today:Earthships

come firefly-dreaming with me….

Rant of the Week: Cenk Uygur and Dylan Ratigan

Social Insecurity: Republican and Retirement Money

On This Day in History February 13

This is your morning Open Thread. Pour your favorite beverage and review the past and comment on the future.

Find the past “On This Day in History” here.

February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 321 days remaining until the end of the year (322 in leap years).

On this day in 1633, Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome to face charges of heresy for advocating Copernican theory, which holds that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Galileo officially faced the Roman Inquisition in April of that same year and agreed to plead guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence. Put under house arrest indefinitely by Pope Urban VIII, Galileo spent the rest of his days at his villa in Arcetri, near Florence, before dying on January 8, 1642.

Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly known as Galileo, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy”, the “father of modern physics”, the “father of science”, and “the Father of Modern Science”. Stephen Hawking says, “Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science.”

The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, taught in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of kinematics. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honour), and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other instruments.

Galileo’s championing of Copernicanism was controversial within his lifetime, when a large majority of philosophers and astronomers still subscribed to the geocentric view that the Earth is at the centre of the universe. After 1610, when he began publicly supporting the heliocentric view, which placed the Sun at the centre of the universe, he met with bitter opposition from some philosophers and clerics, and two of the latter eventually denounced him to the Roman Inquisition early in 1615. In February 1616, although he had been cleared of any offence, the Catholic Church nevertheless condemned heliocentrism as “false and contrary to Scripture”, and Galileo was warned to abandon his support for it-which he promised to do. When he later defended his views in his most famous work, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, published in 1632, he was tried by the Inquisition, found “vehemently suspect of heresy”, forced to recant, and spent the rest of his life under house arrest.

 1503 – Disfida di Barletta – famous challenge between 13 Italian and 13 French knights near Barletta.

1542 – Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.

1575 – Henry III of France is crowned at Rheims, marrying Louise de Lorraine-Vaudemont on the same day.

1633 – Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.

1668 – Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent nation.

1689 – William and Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.

1692 – Massacre of Glencoe: About 78 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.

1815 – The Cambridge Union Society is founded.

1867 – Work begins on the covering of the Zenne, burying Brussels’s primary river and creating the modern central boulevards.

1880 – Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.

1881 – The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert.

1894 – Auguste and Louis Lumiere patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector.

1914 – Copyright: In New York City the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

1920 – The Negro National League is formed.

1931 – New Delhi becomes the capital of India.

1934 – The Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.

1935 – A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.

1945 – World War II: The siege of Budapest concludes with the unconditional surrender of German and Hungarian forces to the Red Army.

1945 – World War II: Royal Air Force bombers are dispatched to Dresden, Germany to attack the city with a massive aerial bombardment.

1951 – Korean War: Battle of Chipyong-ni, which represented the “high-water mark” of the Chinese incursion into South Korea, commences.

1954 – Frank Selvy becomes the only NCAA Division I basketball player ever to score 100 points in a single game

1955 – Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls.

1960 – With the success of a nuclear test codenamed “Gerboise Bleue”, France becomes the fourth country to possess nuclear weapons.

1960 – Black college students stage the first of the Nashville sit-ins at three lunch counters in Nashville, Tennessee.

1961 – A 500,000-year-old rock is discovered near Olancha, California, US, that appears to anachronistically encase a spark plug.

1967 – American researchers discover the Madrid Codices by Leonardo da Vinci in the National Library of Spain.

1970 – Black Sabbath, arguably the very first heavy metal album, is released.

1971 – Vietnam War: Backed by American air and artillery support, South Vietnamese troops invade Laos.

1975 – A fire breaks out in the World Trade Center in New York City, New York.

1978 – Hilton bombing: a bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.

1979 – An intense windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.

1981 – A series of sewer explosions destroys more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky.

1982 – Rio Negro massacre in Guatemala.

1984 – Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1990 – German reunification: An agreement is reached on a two-stage plan to reunite Germany.

   * 1991 – Gulf War: Two laser-guided “smart bombs” destroy the Amiriyah shelter in Baghdad.

Allied forces said the bunker was being used as a military communications outpost, but over 400 Iraqi civilians inside were killed.

2000 – The last original “Peanuts” comic strip appears in newspapers one day after Charles M. Schulz dies.

2001 – An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter Scale hits El Salvador, killing at least 400.

2004 – The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announces the discovery of the universe’s largest known diamond, white dwarf star BPM 37093. Astronomers named this star “Lucy” after The Beatles’ song “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”.

2007 – Taiwan opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as the chairman of the Kuomintang party after being indicted by the Taiwan High Prosecutors Office on charges of embezzlement during his tenure as the mayor of Taipei; Ma also announces his candidacy for the 2008 presidential election.

2008 – Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to the Indigenous Australians and the Stolen Generations.

Holidays and observances

   * Christian Feast Day:

         o Beatrice of Ornacieux

         o Ermenilda of Ely

         o Fulcran

         o Polyeuctus (Roman Catholic church)

         o Castor of Karden (Roman Catholic church)

         o See also February 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

   * The first day of Lupercalia (Roman Empire)

Punting the Pundits: Sunday Preview Edition

Punting the Punditsis an Open Thread. It is a selection of editorials and opinions from around the news medium and the internet blogs. The intent is to provide a forum for your reactions and opinions, not just to the opinions presented, but to what ever you find important.

Thanks to ek hornbeck, click on the link and you can access all the past “Punting the Pundits”.

The Sunday Talking Heads:

This Week with Christiane Amanpour: Christiane Amanpour has an exclusive interview with Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak. Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and former Governor of Minnesota Tim Pawlenty, both contending for the Republican Presidential nomination in 2012, will discuss the Egyptian Revolution.

The roundtable guest, also discussing events in Egypt, are Robert Kagan of the Brookings Institution, Arianna Huffington of The Huffington Post, Egyptian journalist Mona Eltahawy, and ABC News’ George Will.

Face the Nation with Bob Schieffer: Mr. Scheiffer’s scheduled guests are Sen. John McCain (R-AZ), Egyptian Nobel Laureate Mohamed ElBaradei,  Egyptian Nobel Laureate and Activist Ahmed Zewail and Egyptian Ambassador to the U.S.

Sameh Shoukry

Editor’s note: As per Think Progress, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) was originally scheduled

The Chris Matthews Show: This week’s guests are Gloria Borger, CNN Senior Political Analyst, John Heilemann, New York Magazine National Political Correspondent, David Ignatius, The Washington Post Columnist, and Anne Kornblut, The Washington Post White House Correspondent.

The questions they will ponder are:

How Did President Obama Handle The Crisis In Egypt?

Can Jeb Bush Be Convinced He’s The GOP’s Best Bet in 2012?

Meet the Press with David Gregory: This week will feature an exclusive interview  with Speaker of the House John Boehner (R-OH).

Also guests Former Ambassador to Israel Martin Indyk and former Middle East Correspondent Robin Wright will discuss Egyptian events.

The roundtable guests are mayor of Atlanta, Kasim Reed (D), freshman member of congress supported by the Tea Party, Rep. Bobby Schilling (R-IL), former Clinton White House press secretary, Dee Dee Myers, columnist for the New York Times, David Brooks, and Time Magazine’s Mark Halperin.

State of the Union with Candy Crowley: Edward S. Walker, the former U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, and John Negroponte, the former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, join us for the third straight week to assess the last 19 days in Egypt and the days to come in the Middle East.

And South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham will join us for a discussion about what the Egyptian revolution means for American foreign policy.

Finally, Jacob Lew, the director of the Office of Management and Budget and author of President Obama’s 2012 federal budget proposal, will join us exclusively on Sunday. He says “the easy cuts are behind us,” but will the Obama administration make enough hard cuts to satisfy a more fiscally conservative populace?

Fareed Zakaris: GPS: : A live special edition with the latest from the revolution in Egypt. The scenes from Tahrir Square and elsewhere around Egypt have captivated the world. The sense of joy and elation is breathtaking. But, the question is, what’s next? The road ahead to democracy is a long one.

Where do Egypt and the opposition movement go from here?

And the big question is: will the Egyptian military, an organization that has enjoyed over 50 years of essentially running the country, really hand over power now to a democratic Egypt? A GPS panel with Richard Haass and Steven Cook from the Council on Foreign Relations dig deeper into that question.

Also, the financial crisis destroyed the reputations of many banks and bankers. One baker who came out of the crisis with his reputation intact was JP Morgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon. Hear what he has to say about what caused the crisis and who made it worse. Could it have been YOU?

Dana Milbank: The Donald trumps the pols at CPAC

CPAC’s willingness to consider the flamboyant billionaire reveals desperation.

Trump’s gambit is almost certainly a publicity stunt. What makes it interesting is how eager the conservatives were to embrace him, shifting the afternoon’s schedule at the last minute when he agreed to appear. It speaks to the Republican Party’s leadership vacuum: Only a party deeply dissatisfied with its current slate of candidates would swoon for this guy.

In theory, 2012 could be a good year for Republicans, particularly if job growth doesn’t accelerate. But a solid challenger to President Obama has eluded the conservatives who dominate the party. They need somebody with the looks of John Thune, the managerial experience of Mitt Romney, the folksiness of Mike Huckabee, the Tea Party appeal of Michele Bachmann, the brains of Newt Gingrich and the record of Mitch Daniels. But no such animal exists.

Nicholas D. Kristof: What Egypt Can Teach America

Love of oil and fear of Islamism blinded American foreign policy.

It’s a new day in the Arab world – and, let’s hope, in American relations to the Arab world.

The truth is that the United States has been behind the curve not only in Tunisia and Egypt for the last few weeks, but in the entire Middle East for decades. We supported corrupt autocrats as long as they kept oil flowing and weren’t too aggressive toward Israel. Even in the last month, we sometimes seemed as out of touch with the region’s youth as a Ben Ali or a Mubarak. Recognizing that crafting foreign policy is 1,000 times harder than it looks, let me suggest four lessons to draw from our mistakes . . . . .

Maureen Dowd: Simply the Worst

What Rummy didn’t know could fill his book.

Donald Rumsfeld is starting to make Robert McNamara look good.

At least McNamara felt sorry at the end for all those lives and limbs lost because of his colossal misjudgments and cretinous refusal to admit mistakes.

“We do not have the God-given right to shape every nation in our image or as we choose,” a penitent McNamara said.

By contrast, when Diane Sawyer asked Rumsfeld last week if he ever revisited decisions that cost lives, he blandly replied, “Well, you know, in a war, many things cost lives.”

Goodness, gracious, stuff happens.

John Nichols: Palin’s ‘Mama Grizzly’ Claws Are Out After Right-Wing Rival Suggests She’s More Into Money Than Ideology

The GOP’s 2008 vice presidential nominee surprised more than a few conservative activists and political pundits when she turned down the speaking invite for the annual gathering of right- and righter-wingers, which finishes this weekend in Washington. Palin says she’s got family obligations, even though those obligations have rarely prevented her from jetting off to the paying gigs that have made her a very wealthy woman.

Six In The Morning

Mubarak’s Youngest Victims  

Cairo’s street kids were duped into resisting the revolution, then shot by police in the chaos that ensued

Robert Fisk: Cairo’s 50,000 street children were abused by this regime

The cops shot 16-year-old Mariam in the back on 28 January, a live round fired from the roof of the Saida Zeinab police station in the slums of Cairo’s old city at the height of the government violence aimed at quelling the revolution, a pot shot of contempt by Mubarak’s forces for the homeless street children of Egypt.

She had gone to the police with up to a hundred other beggar boys and girls to demand the release of her friend, 16-year-old Ismail Yassin, who had already been dragged inside the station. Some of the kids outside were only nine years old. Maybe that’s why the first policeman on the roof fired warning bullets into the air.

Ladies And Gentlemen He Has Left The Building

In the end, the refusal of pro-democracy protesters to back down sealed his fate.

The West Loses Its Favorite Tyrant  

It was exactly 6:00 p.m. local time in Cairo when the decision was made public. In a curt statement, Egyptian Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that President Hosni Mubarak, due to the “difficult situation” in the country, was leaving office. Power, Suleiman said, would initially be transferred to the Egyptian army.

The resignation is a triumph for the opposition. Weeks of growing demonstrations continually increased pressure on Mubarak. Three times, the president addressed his people. Three times he said he would not step down.

The 82-year-old Mubarak ruled his country for three full decades, but in the end, even he realized that he could not stand up to the mass protests that have rocked Egypt for the last 18 days.

They Watched Did They Care

EXCLUSIVE

Australians saw Habib tortured, says officer

DAMNING evidence from an Egyptian intelligence officer that names an Australian official who witnessed the torture of Sydney man Mamdouh Habib in Guantanamo Bay has been revealed as the trigger for a hushed-up government payout to Mr Habib and a high-level investigation.

The explosive 840-word statement, released exclusively to The Sun-Herald, was shown to government solicitors three days before they suddenly paid Mr Habib an undisclosed amount to drop his lawsuit claiming Australia was complicit in his CIA-engineered kidnap in 2001, transfer to Egypt and subsequent torture.

It’s A Little Late    

Brass meet on violence

NSC meets as political upheaval is slammed by rights groups and civil society bodies

Alarmed by the wave of violence sweeping through the country, the Zimbabwe’s top political leadership met on Friday as the National Security Council (NSC), chaired by President Robert Mugabe, tries to tackle the upsurge in violence before it spins out of control.

Apart from Mugabe, others who attend the NSC include co-vice-presidents Joyce Mujuru and John Nkomo, Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai and his deputies, Thokozani Khuphe and Arthur Mutambara.

Always Making Sure The Less Fortunate Suffer  



Obama’s Budget Seeks Deep Cuts in Domestic Spending

President Obama, who is proposing his third annual budget on Monday, will say that it can reduce projected deficits by $1.1 trillion over the next decade, enough to stabilize the nation’s fiscal health and buy time to address its longer-term problems, according to a senior administration official.

Two-thirds of the reductions that Mr. Obama will claim are from cuts in spending, including in many domestic programs that he supports. Among the reductions for just the next fiscal year, 2012, which starts Oct. 1, are more than $1 billion from airport grants and nearly $1 billion from grants to states for water treatment plants and similar projects. Public health and forestry programs would also be cut.

It’s Party Time

After security forces swept armed gangs from a Rio shanty town, its people can now prepare for carnival with new hope

Samba replaces sound of gunfire as Rio de Janeiro favela is purged of drug traffickers

When Evandro Pereira de Souza saw tanks gathering at the entrance to his slum, he braced himself for the worst. It was last November and Rio’s notorious Complexo do Alemão shanty town was about to witness the largest military operation in the city’s history, part of an unprecedented government drive to expel heavily armed drug traffickers from the favelas.

“I was expecting a bloody disaster,” recalls Souza, a samba-obsessed 32-year-old better known by his stage name Wando Simpatia (Friendly Wando). “We slept at my aunt’s house.”

Neglected Tropical Diseases: Guinea-worm disease

This is a series of diaries focused on the World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Diseases Program. I initially wrote a diary about Dengue Fever that had hospitalized Salon columnist and constitutional lawyer, Glenn Greenwald. The second diary briefly introduced the other diseases on the WHO list.

This week will focus on Guinea-worm disease (GWD), or Dracunculiasis, which is a debilitating and painful parasitic infection caused by a large nematode (roundworm), Dracunculus medinensis. The guinea worm is one of the best historically documented human parasites, with tales of its behaviour reaching as far back as the 2nd century BC in accounts penned by Greek chroniclers. It is also mentioned in the Egyptian scrolls, dating from 1550 BC. An Old Testament description of “fiery serpents” may have been referring to Guinea Worm: “And the Lord sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died.” (Numbers 21:4-9). The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin “affliction with little dragons” while the common name “guinea worm” appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century.

It a water born disease and is contracted by drinking stagnant water that has been contaminated with the worm and copepods infested by the larvae. Copepods are tiny crustaceans found in sea and nearly every freshwater habitat. The disease manifests itself about a year after infection, usually as a large blister on the leg, that burns and itches and the mature worm, 1m long, tries to emerge. The infected person tries to relieve the pain by immersing the infected part in water, usually open water sources such as ponds and shallow wells. This stimulates the worm to emerge and release thousands of larvae into the water, thus perpetuating the cycle.

For persons living in remote areas with no access to medical care, healing of the ulcers can take several weeks. People in endemic villages are incapacitated during peak agricultural activities. This can seriously affect their agricultural production and the availability of food in the household, and consequently the nutritional status of their family members, particularly young children. Outbreaks can cause serious disruption to local food supplies and school attendance.

The good news is that the end of GWD is currently in sight. Thanks to President Jimmy Carter and the his Center’s initiative to eradicate this disease there are currently only four countries in the world where GWD is endemic, Sudan, Ghana, Mali and Ethiopia. The major focus is on Sudan where 84% of the 3,190 infections reported in 2009 occurred. WHO predicted it will be “a few years yet” before eradication is achieved, on the basis that it took 6-12 years for the countries that have so far eliminated Guinea worm transmission. Endemic countries must report to the International Commission for the Certification of Dracunculiasis Eradication and document the absence of indigenous cases of GWD for at least three consecutive years to be certified as Guinea worm-free. Guinea worm disease will be only the second human disease, after smallpox, to be eradicated globally.

Prevention

Guinea worm disease can only be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, and can be completely prevented through relatively simple measures that could result in the disease being eradicated:

   * Drinking solely water drawn from underground sources free from contamination, such as a borehole or hand-dug wells.

   * Filtering drinking water, using a fine-mesh cloth filter like nylon, to remove the guinea worm-containing crustaceans.

   * Preventing people with emerging guinea worms from entering ponds and wells used for drinking water.

   * Developing new sources of drinking water that lack the parasites, or repairing dysfunctional ones.

Water sources can also be treated with larvicides to kill worm-carrying crustaceans.

Further discussion is below the fold, since the brief description of treatment and video are graphic and not for the squeamish.

Warning: The video is very graphic

There is no known vaccine or medicine to prevent or treat GWD, The treatment is to pull the emerging worm by wrapping a gauze or stick around it to extract it from the body. This can takes weeks or months which causes a burning pain in the extremity. This is the same treatment noted in the famous ancient Egyptian medical text, the Ebers papyrus from 1550 BC.

The disease is not usually fatal but the wound where the worm emerges could develop a secondary bacterial infection such as tetanus, which may be life-threatening, especially in endemic areas where access to medicine is very limited or nonexistent. Analgesics can be used to help reduce swelling and pain and antibiotic ointments can help prevent secondary infections at the wound site. The use of amebicide, antiprotozoa, fungicide or parasiticide are not recommended since it may lead to migration to other parts of the body. Other complications besides wound infection are stiff joints, arthritis and even permanent debilitating contractures of the limbs.

If the infection is identified before an ulcer forms, the worm can also be surgically removed by a trained doctor in a medical facility.

The traditional (and still current) method of extracting guinea worm by twisting the worm around a stick may have inspired the rod of Asclepius, a symbol of medicine since Ancient Greek times which portrays a snake winding around a staff, and which is often confused with the Caduceus

Neglected Tropical Diseases: Guinea-worm disease

This is a series of diaries focused on the World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Diseases Program. I initially wrote a diary about Dengue Fever that had hospitalized Salon columnist and constitutional lawyer, Glenn Greenwald. The second diary briefly introduced the other diseases on the WHO list.

This week will focus on Guinea-worm disease (GWD), or Dracunculiasis, which is a debilitating and painful parasitic infection caused by a large nematode (roundworm), Dracunculus medinensis. The guinea worm is one of the best historically documented human parasites, with tales of its behaviour reaching as far back as the 2nd century BC in accounts penned by Greek chroniclers. It is also mentioned in the Egyptian scrolls, dating from 1550 BC. An Old Testament description of “fiery serpents” may have been referring to Guinea Worm: “And the Lord sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died.” (Numbers 21:4-9). The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin “affliction with little dragons” while the common name “guinea worm” appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century.

It a water born disease and is contracted by drinking stagnant water that has been contaminated with the worm and copepods infested by the larvae. Copepods are tiny crustaceans found in sea and nearly every freshwater habitat. The disease manifests itself about a year after infection, usually as a large blister on the leg, that burns and itches and the mature worm, 1m long, tries to emerge. The infected person tries to relieve the pain by immersing the infected part in water, usually open water sources such as ponds and shallow wells. This stimulates the worm to emerge and release thousands of larvae into the water, thus perpetuating the cycle.

For persons living in remote areas with no access to medical care, healing of the ulcers can take several weeks. People in endemic villages are incapacitated during peak agricultural activities. This can seriously affect their agricultural production and the availability of food in the household, and consequently the nutritional status of their family members, particularly young children. Outbreaks can cause serious disruption to local food supplies and school attendance.

The good news is that the end of GWD is currently in sight. Thanks to President Jimmy Carter and the his Center’s initiative to eradicate this disease there are currently only four countries in the world where GWD is endemic, Sudan, Ghana, Mali and Ethiopia. The major focus is on Sudan where 84% of the 3,190 infections reported in 2009 occurred. WHO predicted it will be “a few years yet” before eradication is achieved, on the basis that it took 6-12 years for the countries that have so far eliminated Guinea worm transmission. Endemic countries must report to the International Commission for the Certification of Dracunculiasis Eradication and document the absence of indigenous cases of GWD for at least three consecutive years to be certified as Guinea worm-free. Guinea worm disease will be only the second human disease, after smallpox, to be eradicated globally.

Prevention

Guinea worm disease can only be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, and can be completely prevented through relatively simple measures that could result in the disease being eradicated:

   * Drinking solely water drawn from underground sources free from contamination, such as a borehole or hand-dug wells.

   * Filtering drinking water, using a fine-mesh cloth filter like nylon, to remove the guinea worm-containing crustaceans.

   * Preventing people with emerging guinea worms from entering ponds and wells used for drinking water.

   * Developing new sources of drinking water that lack the parasites, or repairing dysfunctional ones.

Water sources can also be treated with larvicides to kill worm-carrying crustaceans.

Further discussion is below the fold, since the brief description of treatment and video are graphic and not for the squeamish.

Warning: The video is very graphic

There is no known vaccine or medicine to prevent or treat GWD, The treatment is to pull the emerging worm by wrapping a gauze or stick around it to extract it from the body. This can takes weeks or months which causes a burning pain in the extremity. This is the same treatment noted in the famous ancient Egyptian medical text, the Ebers papyrus from 1550 BC.

Twisting the worm around a stick may have inspired the rod of Asclepius, a symbol of medicine since Ancient Greek times which portrays a snake winding around a staff, and which is often confused with the Caduceus.

The disease is not usually fatal but the wound where the worm emerges could develop a secondary bacterial infection such as tetanus, which may be life-threatening, especially in endemic areas where access to medicine is very limited or nonexistent. Analgesics can be used to help reduce swelling and pain and antibiotic ointments can help prevent secondary infections at the wound site. The use of amebicide, antiprotozoa, fungicide or parasiticide are not recommended since it may lead to migration to other parts of the body. Other complications besides wound infection are stiff joints, arthritis and even permanent debilitating contractures of the limbs.

If the infection is identified before an ulcer forms, the worm can also be surgically removed by a trained doctor in a medical facility.

DocuDharma Digest

Regular Features-

Featured Essays for February 12, 2011-

DocuDharma

Load more